Examine the two news headlines from real observational studies and determine at least one plausible lurking variable that could explain the cause and effect. Remember, do not argue about the link expressed in the headline, but rather accept the association as true. Your task is to determine the other variable(s) that could be the actual cause(s).

1. “University Admission Rates Plunge, Fueling Student Anxiety”

   Answer (a):

   Perhaps the price of admission is both fueling student anxiety and causing admission rates to plunge?

2. “Is Gluten the Culprit in Our Fight Against Obesity?”

   Hint (b):

   Gluten and obesity are both something that are related to food.