Interpret each of the following effects on the function, $f (x)$. For example $f(x+2)$, indicates to “calculate the output for the input that is $2$ greater than $x$”. 

1. $f ( c - 4 )$ 

• Hint (a):

  Your answer should follow the form: "calculate the output for the input that is _____________ than c"

2. $f ( 0.5 b )$ 

• Answer (b):

  Calculate the output for the input that is half the value of $b$.

3. $f ( d ) + 12$ 

• Hint (c):

  Is the output or the input being modified?