Rewrite each expression below as an equivalent expression without parentheses or negative exponents. Assume that the denominator in part (b) is not equal to zero. 

1. $\left(x^{3}\right)\left(x^{−2}\right)$ 

   Hint (a):

   When multiplying exponents with the same base, add the exponents.

2. $\frac { y ^ { 5 } } { y ^ { - 2 } }$ 

   Hint (b):

   When dividing exponents with the same base, subtract the denominator exponent from the numerator exponent. Notice that in this case you are subtracting a negative number: $5 − \left(−2\right)$.

3. $4^{−1}$ 

   Hint (c):

   $4^{−1}$ is the reciprocal of $4$.

4. $\left(4x^{2}\right)^{3}$ 

   Hint (d):

   To raise a power to a power, multiply the exponents like so: $4^{1·3}x^{2·3}$