The function value, f(x), is the y-value. How does the graph change if 2 is added to each y-value?

New function: If x = 1, f(new) is equivalent to f(2) from the original function. Also, what does multiplication by 2 do to the function?

See part (b). Also, f(x) became −f(x), or y became −y.

f(8) in the original function occurs
when x = 4 in the new function.