James noticed that his ruler includes eighths and sixteenths of an inch. Help him to make the following conversions.

1.  $\frac { 2 } { 16 } = \frac { \square } { 8 }$

   Hint:

   You may have noticed that $8$ is half of $16$.

   $\text{ It will help to know that it is also true that the number of }\frac{1}{8}\text{'s is equal to half the number of }\frac{1}{16}\text{'s}.$

2.  $\frac { 4 } { 16 } = \frac { \square } { 8 }$

   Hint (b):

   $\text{Remember that the number of }\frac{1}{8}\text{'s is half the number of } \frac{1}{16}\text{'s. What is half of four?}$

3.  $\frac { 10 } { 16 } = \frac { \square } { 8 }$

   Answer (c):

   $5$

4.  $\frac { 18 } { 16 } = \frac { \square } { 8 }$

   Answer (d):

   $9$

5. In general, if you have any number of sixteenths, how can you figure out how many eighths you have?

   Hint (e):

   How were you able to solve parts (a) through (d)?